Risk factors

• Change in bowel habit
• Diarrhea and constipation
• Blood mixed with stool
  
• Mucus mixed with stool
  
• Abdominal pain
  
• Abdominal distension
  
  

Common investigation for diagnosis of colorectal cancer

• Colonoscopy and tumor biopsy
• Double contrast barium enema
  
  

Treatment of colorectal cancer

• Most cases of colorectal cancer without evidence of distant metastasis can be treated by curative surgery. Surgery for colorectal cancer can be performed either using a large open wound (laparotomy) or minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic colorectal surgery).
  
  

Minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer

• Much smaller wound and scars
• Less postoperative wound pain
  
• Earlier recovery including earlier return of bowel function and normal activities
• Shortened hospital stay
  
• Less incidence of wound infection
  
  

Types of surgery for colorectal cancer

• Laparoscopic Right hemicolectomy (colon cancer)
• Laparoscopic Left hemicolectomy (colon cancer)
  
• Laparoscopic Sigmoid Colectomy (colon cancer)
• Laparoscopic Anterior resection (upper rectal cancer)
  
• Laparoscopic Low Anterior resection (low rectal cancer)
  
• Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection (low rectal cancer and anal canal cancer)
  
• Laparoscopic Total Colectomy (Multiple colorectal cancers)