• Age: incidence increases with age
• Sex: female prevalence
• Obesity
  
• Drugs: estrogen or clofibrate
  
• Diabetes
  
• Previous GI Surgery
  
  

- 70% asymptomatic
- 30% symptoms

• biliary pain
• acute cholecystitis
• common bile duct stone
• pancreatitis
• cholangitis
• Mirizzi’s syndrome
• Gall stone ileus
  
  

• laboratoyr test
  
• plain x-ray
  
• ultrasonography
  
• CT scan
  
• MR-cholangiogram

• Pain relief
  
• Antibiotics
  
• Oral dissolution therapy
  
  

• Definitive treatment

- Conversion rate 2-3% (emergency case – 15%)
- Complication : Bile duct injury less than 1 %
- Compares with Open Cholecystectomy

• Less pain
• Shorter recovery time
• Less wound and scar complications